Intro Groundwater is simply water that occupies the pore spaces, crevices, or fractures within soil or rock. Some materials have a greater ability to store and transmit water than others. An aquifer is a groundwater reservoir composed of geologic units that are saturated with water and sufficiently permeable to yield water in a usable quantity from wells and springs. Sand and gravel deposits, sandstone, limestone, and fractured crystalline rocks are examples of geologic units that form aquifers. The USGS identifies seven principal aquifers or aquifer systems in Colorado: South Platte Aquifer, Arkansas Aquifer, High Plains Aquifer, San Luis Valley Aquifer System, Denver Basin Aquifer System, Piceance Creek Basin Aquifer, and the Leadville Limestone Aquifer of west-central Colorado. Groundwater use in Colorado dates back to before the turn of the 20th century augmented by the advent of the deep-well turbine pump. Nineteen of Colorado’s 63 counties rely solely on this important water resource for potable supplies and domestic uses. Groundwater withdrawals by private wells and public water supply systems serve an estimated twenty percent of the state’s population. Agriculture is the largest user of groundwater, primarily for irrigation, however, it is also used to meet nearly all livestock and rural domestic water needs as well. Sufficient water for a single household may be relatively easily obtained from wells in the bedrock aquifers, even the crystalline Precambrian rocks of the mountains. However, as households multiply, creating increased demands from many wells, a local aquifer with very limited storage that was sufficient for a few users, may be quickly depleted or polluted. Through wise water-management policies, protective regulations, and conservation activities, we can assure both the availability and the suitability of groundwater for future use. The recently published ON-010 Colorado Groundwater Atlas has comprehensive information about every aspect of groundwater across the state. Resources Association of American State Geologists (AASG) – AASG Hydraulic Fracturing Statement — A position paper on “fracking” including its impact on water resources. Colorado’s Decision Support System — A water management system developed by the Colorado Water Conservation Board (CWCB) and the Colorado Division of Water Resources (CDWR) for each of Colorado’s major water basins. Colorado Division of Water Resources (CDWR) — Information related to the state’s groundwater resources, including administration, well permitting, well contractor licensing, and groundwater level reports. Colorado Ground Water Commission — Information and resources related to groundwater resources in designated basins. Colorado’s Water Plan — Comprehensive long-term plan for all facets of water use across the state. Colorado State University – Colorado Water Center — A collaborative center leading research efforts on “complex and evolving water-related challenges in Colorado.” Denver Basin Rules (DWR) — Well-permitting resources for the Denver Basin region. EPA Groundwater & Drinking Water — Basic groundwater info, as water well information and data on quality standards for the United States. EPA Information on Artificial Recharge (AR) and Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) — Federal clearinghouse for AR and ASR regulation. International Commission on Stratigraphy’s International Chronostratigraphic Chart — Detailed stratigraphic information. Oregon State University Well Water Program “Understanding Groundwater” — Excellent educational resource on the basics of groundwater. USGS Colorado Water Science Center’s Groundwater Information & Data — Information relating to Colorado’s groundwater supplies, including real-time monitoring data, data mapper, and general groundwater knowledge. USGS Colorado Active Water Level Network — Interactive map/data resource with real-time and periodic data feeds on more than 400 wells and springs across the state. USGS Groundwater Information — Information related to national groundwater resources and aquifers, including general background, as well as more detailed science on specific aquifers. USGS Groundwater Watch — Clearinghouse for national groundwater data and statistics. Statewide and county data is also presented. GIS/Maps ON-OF-15-10 — Geology and Groundwater Resources of Douglas County, Colorado — County-based groundwater survey that addresses in detail all aquifers utilized in each county including those in alluvial, sedimentary, and crystalline formations. ON-OF-15-11 — Geology and Groundwater Resources of Park County, Colorado — County-based groundwater survey that addresses in detail all aquifers utilized in each county including those in alluvial, sedimentary, and crystalline formations. ON-OF-16-04 — Geology and Groundwater Resources of Chaffee County, Colorado — County-based groundwater survey that addresses in detail all aquifers utilized in each county including those in alluvial, sedimentary, and crystalline formations. ON-OF-17-01 — Geology and Groundwater Resources of Mesa County, Colorado — County-based groundwater survey that addresses in detail all aquifers utilized in each county including those in alluvial, sedimentary, and crystalline formations. ON-OF-18-12 — Geology and Groundwater Resources of Elbert County, Colorado — County-based groundwater survey that addresses in detail all aquifers utilized in each county including those in alluvial, sedimentary, and crystalline formations. ON-010 — Colorado Groundwater Atlas — This web-based report, including many graphics and tables, explores the most current state of Colorado’s groundwater. ON-010D — Colorado Groundwater Atlas (Data) – v20210304 — The most current (20 May 2020) downloadable GIS dataset, also includes a full set of high-resolution Figures and Tables from the Atlas. ON-010M — Colorado Groundwater Atlas (Map) – v20210304 — Includes the full extent of GIS-based groundwater data currently available. This complex map is the GIS half of our new web-based Groundwater Atlas. ON-010-02D — ON-010-02D Colorado Statewide Alluvial Aquifer (Data) — GIS dataset of alluvial deposits along streams and rivers throughout Colorado — deposits with the potential for forming alluvial aquifers in direct hydraulic connection with surface water. County Groundwater Surveys In 2015 the CGS implemented a program for generating individual county-based geology and groundwater surveys as both publications and web-based GIS applications. The surveys are tailored to inform the public, planners, and policy-makers about local geology and groundwater resources. They address all aquifers that are utilized in each county including those in alluvial, sedimentary, and crystalline geological formations. Patterned after county-wide groundwater resource series produced in the 1960s through mid-1970s, this current effort is intended to address counties where development pressures are straining current water resources and where no previous comprehensive surveys were done. The more recent surveys support and augment existing decision support and monitoring systems. The work is also derivative of our ongoing participation in the USGS STATEMAP program which is part of the National Cooperative Mapping program focused on detailed 1:24,000 scale 7.5 quadrangle geologic mapping. The county surveys also build on other work by the CGS, including the 2003 Ground Water Atlas of Colorado which used Operational Account funding. The importance of groundwater is clearly recognized in Colorado’s Water Plan and these county-wide data-sets will assist in sound management of existing resources. Each study takes between one and two years to complete. Counties completed to date include Chaffee, Douglas, Elbert, La Plata, Mesa, and Park. El Paso County is underway, and Morgan County is next in line.
Publications Sebol, Lesley A. “OF-23-08 Baseline Radiological Study Year 2: Gunnison County, Colorado.” Water Resources. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2024. https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of2308.xaxl6287. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/baseline-radiological-gunnison-colorado/. Sebol, Lesley A. “OF-22-10 Baseline Radiological Study Year 1: Wet Mountains, Colorado.” Water Resources. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2024. https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of2210.wpgy1629. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/baseline-radiological-wet-mountains-colorado/. Sebol, Lesley A., Martin J. Palkovic, Lauren D. Broes, and Peter E. Barkmann. “OF-19-01 Geology and Groundwater Resources of La Plata County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, March 2023. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1901.ayne6155. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-la-plata-colorado/. Barkmann, Peter E., Kenneth Swift Bird, and Karen A. Berry. “OF-20-09 Review of the Jefferson County Water Supply Policies and Analyses for Land Development in Mountain Areas.” Water Resources. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, July 2021. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of2009.ktrq4514. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/review-jefferson-water-supply-policies. Barkmann, Peter E., Lesley A. Sebol, Lauren D. Broes, and Katheryne H. McGee. “OF-18-12 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Elbert County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2021. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1812.zikw4840. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-elbert-colorado. Barkmann, Peter E., Lauren D. Broes, Martin J. Palkovic, John C. Hopkins, Kenneth Swift Bird, Lesley A. Sebol, and F. Scot Fitzgerald. “ON-010 Colorado Groundwater Atlas.” Geoscience. ON-010 Colorado Groundwater Atlas, January 8, 2020. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/water/colorado-groundwater-atlas/. Barkmann, Peter E., Erinn P. Johnson, Lesley A. Sebol, and F. Scot Fitzgerald. “OF-16-04 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Chaffee County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, April 2017. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1604.vnwo8431. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-chaffee-colorado. Barkmann, P. E., Lesley A. Sebol, Erinn P. Johnson, F. S. Fitzgerald, and William Curtiss. “OF-15-11 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Park County.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Reports. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2017. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1511.zpay8394. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-park-colorado. Sebol, Lesley A., Katheryne H. McGee, Erinn P. Johnson, and P. E. Barkmann. “OF-17-01 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Mesa County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2017. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1701.udrz8804. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-mesa-colorado. Barkmann, P. E., F. Scot Fitzgerald, L. A. Sebol, W. Curtiss, J. Pike, Annette Moore, and B. Taylor. “OF-15-10 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Douglas County.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Reports. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2015. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1510.chwx1504. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-douglas-colorado. Topper, Ralf, Kenneth Scott, and Nicholas Watterson. “WAT-2011-02 Geologic Model of the Purgatoire River Watershed within the Raton Basin, Colorado.” Water Resources. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, May 2011. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/purgatoire-river-watershed-raton-basin-colorado/. Topper, Ralf, and Andy Horn. “WAT-2011-01 El Paso County Groundwater Quality Study: Phase 1.” Groundwater. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, March 2011. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/el-paso-groundwater-quality/. Barkmann, Peter. “WAT-2011-03 Coalbed Methane Stream Depletion Assessment Study – Sand Wash Basin, Colorado.” Water Resources. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 2011. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/cbm-sand-wash-basin-colorado/. Barkmann, Peter E., Marieke Dechesne, Mary Ellen Wickham, Jill Carlson, Scott Formolo, and Erik J. Oerter. “OF-11-03 Cross-Sections of the Fresh Water Bearing Strata of the Denver Basin between Greeley and Colorado Springs, Colorado, 2011.” Groundwater. Open File Report. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 2011. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1103.ifjy7699. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/denver-basin-cross-sections-colorado. Burnell, James R., Nicholas A. Watterson, Phyllis K. Scott, and Chris Eisinger. “MIN-2010-01 Lone Mesa State Park Mineral and Water Resource Assessment.” Mineral and Water Resources. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 2010. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/lone-mesa-state-park-mineral-water-assessment/. Morgan, Matthew L., and E. Billmeyer. “OF-10-03 Geologic Map of the Severy Creek Watershed, Teller and El Paso Counties, Colorado.” Geologic, 1:24,000. Open File Reports. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 2010. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1003.mebu9205. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geologic-map-severy-creek-watershed-teller-el-paso-colorado. Topper, Ralf E. “OF-09-11 Managing Stormwater to Protect Water Resources in Mountainous Regions of Colorado.” Hydrogeology. Open File Reports. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, July 2009. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of0911.lgao5246. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/managing-stormwater-mountainous-regions/. Topper, R., K. L. Spray, W. H. Bellis, J. L. Hamilton, and P. E. Barkmann. ON-06-01 Ground Water Atlas of Colorado. Online Series, ON-06-01. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 2006. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/colorado-groundwater-atlas-map/ Berry, Karen. “WAT-2005-01 Turkey Creek Watershed Case Study.” Water. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey and the Jefferson Conservation District, 2005. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/turkey-creek-watershed-case-study/. Scott, Larry. “PO-04 Poster – Water and Contamination in Colorado.” Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 2005. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/water-contamination-colorado-poster. Wood II, Robert H., David A. Bird, and Matthew A. Sares. “OF-05-01 Mine Site History and Watershed Characterization of the Cinnamon Gulch Area, Dillon Ranger District, White River National Forest, Summit County, Colorado.” Mineral and Water Resources. Open File Reports. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 2005. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of0501.yvro3555. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/mine-history-watershed-characterization-cinnamon-gulch-dillon-white-river-summit-colorado. Topper, R., P. E. Barkmann, D. A. Bird, and M. A. Sares. “EG-13 Artificial Recharge of Ground Water in Colorado: A Statewide Assessment.” Artificial Recharge. Environmental Geology. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 2004. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.eg13.gcvh8526. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/artificial-recharge-ground-water-colorado-statewide-assessment. Topper, R., K. L. Spray, W. H. Bellis, J. L. Hamilton, and P. E. Barkmann. SP-53 Ground Water Atlas of Colorado. Special Publications, SP-53. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 2003. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/colorado-groundwater-atlas. Topper, Ralf E., and Jason C. Wilson. “SP-53 Ground Water Atlas of Colorado.” Special Publication. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 2003. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/colorado-groundwater-atlas/ Weber, George R., and Matthew A. Sares. “IS-66 Directory of Colorado Water Quality Data.” Water Quality. Information Series. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 2003. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.is66.xgoi1711. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/colorado-water-quality-data. Colorado Geological Survey. “RockTalk V05N4, October 2002 – Ground Water in Colorado.” RockTalk, October 2002. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.rt0504.gwod2141. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/rocktalk-groundwater-colorado/ Gleason, J. Andrew, Matthew A. Sares, and Rob Blair. “FT-01-02 The San Juan Mountains of Southwest Colorado: Geology, Water Quality, Mine Remediation, and Avalanche Hazards : Field Trip Guidebook.” Colorado Geological Survey, October 17, 2001. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/field-trip-san-juan-mountains-colorado-geology-water-mine-remediation-avalanche-hazards/. Sares, Matthew A. “WAT-2001-01 Geology, Mining, and Water Quality.” Water Resources presented at the Colorado Geological Survey, Denver, CO, October 11, 2001. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-mining-water-quality. Sares, Matthew A., and J. Andrew Gleason. “FT-00-02 Geology, Water Quality, and Avalanche Hazards of the Ouray – Silverton Area, Southwest Colorado: Earth Science Week Field Trip, October 9, 2000.” Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, October 9, 2000. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/field-trip-geology-water-quality-avalanche-hazards-ouray-silverton-southwest-colorado/. Colorado Geological Survey. “RockTalk V03N2, April 2000 – Water Quality in Colorado.” RockTalk, April 2000. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.rt0302.fihm4524. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/rocktalk-water-quality-colorado/. Neubert, John T. “OF-00-16 Naturally Degraded Surface Waters Associated with Hydrothermally Altered Terrane in Colorado.” Surface Water. Open File Reports. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 2000. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of0016.cqvq1711. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/naturally-degraded-surface-waters-hydrothermally-altered-terrane-colorado. Weber, George R., and Matthew A. Sares. “OF-99-09 Directory of Colorado Water Quality Data.” Mineral Resources. Open File Report. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 1999. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of9909.sggx3906. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/directory-colorado-water-quality-data. Zook, Jonathan M., and Matthew A. Sares. “IS-48 Colorado Water Quality Database from the Environmental Protection Agency’s STORET Database.” Water Quality. Information Series. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1999. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.is48.nwpm3316. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/colorado-water-quality-database-epa-storet-database. Plumlee, Geoffrey S., Randall K. Streufert, Kathleen S. Smith, Alan R. Wallace, Margo I. Toth, J. Thomas Nash, Rob Robinson, Walter H. Ficklin, and Gregory K. Lee. “MS-29 Map Showing Potential Metal-Mine Drainage Hazards in Colorado, Based on Mineral-Deposit Geology.” Metal-Mine Drainage Hazards, 1:750,000. Map Series. Denver, CO: U.S. Geological Survey, 1995. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.ms29.jkjx7665. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/map-potential-metal-mine-drainage-hazards-colorado-mineral-deposit-geology. Kirkham, Robert M., Susan H. Cannon, William P. Rogers, Bruce K. Stover, and Randall K. Streufert. “IS-37 Water Resources Beneath State Lands in Part of T. 16 S., R. 63 W., Black Squirrel Creek Basin, El Paso County, Colorado.” Hydrological. Information Series. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 1993. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.is37.wcan5649. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/water-resources-beneath-state-lands-black-squirrel-creek-basin-el-paso-colorado. Kirkham, Robert M., and John W. Rold. “SP-29 Water Resources of Upper Crow Creek, Colorado.” Water Resources. Special Publication. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1986. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.sp29.knhm4528. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/water-resources-upper-crow-creek-colorado. Colorado Geological Survey. “ENE-1985-01 Project Summary Geothermal Water Resource Investigations in Glenwood Canyon for Colorado Division of Highways.” Geothermal. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, December 1985. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geothermal-resource-investigation-glenwood-canyon/. Davis, George H. MI-20 Ground Water Issues and Answers. Miscellaneous Investigations, MI–20. Arvada, CO: American Institute of Professional Geologists, 1985. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/ground-water-issues-answers. Jochim, Candace L., and William Wright. “WAT-1985-01 Preliminary Ground Water Investigations of Division of Wildlife Fish Hatcheries.” Groundwater. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1985. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/groundwater-investigation-colorado-fish-hatcheries/. McCarthy, Kevin P. “OF-82-05 Geothermal Implications of Warm Mine Water Drainage at Lake City and Cripple Creek, Colorado.” Geothermal Resources. Open File Report. Denver. CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1982. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of8205.qdni9077. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geothermal-implications-mine-water-drainage-lake-city-cripple-creek-colorado. Vinckier, Thomas Alan. “OF-82-03 Hydrogeology of the Dakota Group Aquifer with Emphasis on the Radium-226 Content of Its Contained Ground Water, Cañon City Embayment, Fremont and Pueblo Counties, Colorado.” Hydrogeology. Open File Report. Denver. CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1982. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of8203.dgse2591. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/hydrogeology-dakota-group-aquifer-radium-226-ground-water-canon-city-fremont-pueblo-colorado. Eakins, Wynn. “OF-81-08 Geophysical Logs from the 1981 Water Well Logging Program, Castle Rock (1/2×1 Degree) Quadrangle.” Groundwater. Open File Report. Denver. CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1981. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of8108.lslg7936. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geophysical-logs-water-well-logging-castle-rock-quadrangle-colorado-1981. Garing, Kenneth L., and Frances R. Connor. “SP-18 Groundwater Heat Pumps in Colorado: An Efficient and Cost-Effective Way to Heat and Cool Your Home.” Geothermal Resources. Special Publication. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1981. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.sp18.phga6214. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/groundwater-heat-pump-hvac. Mustard, Martha H., and Doug Cain. “Hydrology and Chemical Quality of Ground Water in Kiowa County, Colorado.” Report. Open-File Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey, 1981. USGS Publications Warehouse. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811023. Repplier, Frank N., M. M. Rell, and R. K. Columbia. “MS-21 Groundwater Temperatures Map of Colorado.” Groundwater Temperatures, 1:500,000. Map Series. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1981. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.ms21.ercc3543. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/groundwater-temperatures-map-colorado. Hall, Dennis C., Donald E. Hillier, Doug Cain, and Elaine L. Boyd. “Bulletin 42 – Water Resources of Boulder County, Colorado.” Water Resources. Bulletin. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1980. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.b42.hraz3513. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/water-resources-boulder. Kirkham, Robert M., and William J. O’Leary. “IS-13 Chemical Analyses of Water Wells in Selected Strippable Coal and Lignite Areas, Denver Basin, Colorado.” Water. Information Series. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1980. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.is13.avkm2305. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/chemical-analyses-water-wells-strippable-coal-lignite-denver-basin-colorado. Kirkham, Robert M., William O’Leary, and James W. Warner. “IS-12 Hydrogeologic and Stratigraphic Data Pertinent to Uranium Mining, Cheyenne Basin, Colorado.” Information Series. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1980. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.is12.qvcw3928. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/hydrogeologic-stratigraphic-data-uranium-mining-cheyenne-basin-colorado. Repplier, Frank N., F. C. Healy, Donna Bishop Collins, and P. A. Longmire. “MS-16 Atlas of Ground Water Quality in Colorado.” Groundwater Quality, Variable. Map Series. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1980. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.ms16.clzj8912. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/atlas-ground-water-quality-colorado. Brogden, R. E., and T. F. Giles. “OF-77-04 Reconnaissance of Ground-Water in a Part of the Yampa River Basin between Craig and Steamboat Springs, Moffat and Routt Counties, Colorado.” Groundwater. Water-Resources Investigations Report. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources and the U. S. Geological Survey, 1977. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of7704.criv5994. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/shop/groundwater-yampa-moffat-routt-colorado/. Hofstra, Warren E. “Bulletin 36 – Geologic Control of Supply and Quality of Water Mountainous Part of Jefferson County, Colorado.” Groundwater. Bulletin. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1975. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.b36.oshm9906. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geologic-control-supply-quality-water-jefferson. Hofstra, Warren E., and Dennis C. Hall. “MI-11 Water Resources: Basic-Data Release Number 36 – Hydrogeologic and Water-Quality Data in Western Jefferson County, Colorado.” Water Resources. Miscellaneous Investigations. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1975. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.mi11.syvr9261. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/hydrologic-water-quality-data-jefferson-colorado. Pearl, Richard Howard. “SP-04 Geology of Ground Water Resources in Colorado: An Introduction.” Groundwater. Special Publication. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1974. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.sp04.ptyx3839. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-ground-water-resources-colorado. Weeks, John B., and Frank A. Welder. “MI-10 Water Resources: Basic-Data Release Number 35 – Hydrologic and Geophysical Data from the Piceance Basin, Colorado.” Water Resources. Miscellaneous Investigations. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1974. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.mi10.twzx8742. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/hydrologic-geophysical-data-piceance-basin-colorado. Colorado Geological Survey. “OF-73-01 Geology and Mineral Resources of LAVCOG Planning District 6: Surficial Deposits; Groundwater Resources; Oil & Gas Fields and Major Geologic Features; and Mineral Resources.” Mineral Resources. Open File Reports. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1973. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of7301.psde4412. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-mineral-resources-planning-district-6. Fischer, R. P. “MI-07 Mineral and Water Resources of Colorado.” Mineral and Water Resources. Miscellaneous Investigations. Washington, D.C.: Colorado Mining Industrial Development Board, October 1963. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.mi07.wwmv7321. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/mineral-water-resources-colorado. Weeks, Herbert W. “Bulletin 28 – Oil and Water Possibilities of Parts of Delta and Mesa Counties, Colorado.” Oil and Water. Bulletin. Boulder, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 1925. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.b28.oxdo7992. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/oil-water-delta-mesa-colorado. Patton, Horace B., W. C. Toepelman, and Jas. Terry Duce. “Bulletin 27 – Part I – Underground Water Possibilities La Junta Area, Colorado; Part II – Underground Water Resources of Parts of Crowley and Otero County; Part III – Geology of Parts of Animas, Otero, and Bent Counties.” Hydrogeology. Bulletin. Boulder, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 1924. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.b27.xlhz4342. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/stock-domestic-underground-water-crowley-otero-la-junta-colorado. Coffin, R. C., and A. J. Tieje. “Bulletin 26 – Preliminary Report on the Underground Waters of a Part of Southeastern Colorado.” Hydrogeology. Bulletin. Boulder, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 1921. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.b26.sdlu5262. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/underground-waters-southeastern-colorado. George, R. D., Harry A. Curtis, O. C. Lester, J. K. Crook, and J. B. Yeo. “Bulletin 11 – Mineral Waters of Colorado.” Water Resources. Bulletin. Boulder, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 1920. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.b11.negy6015. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/mineral-waters-colorado/. Current County Reports Barkmann, P. E., F. Scot Fitzgerald, L. A. Sebol, W. Curtiss, J. Pike, Annette Moore, and B. Taylor. “OF-15-10 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Douglas County.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Reports. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2015. https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1510.chwx1504. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-douglas-colorado. Barkmann, P. E., Lesley A. Sebol, Erinn P. Johnson, F. S. Fitzgerald, and William Curtiss. “OF-15-11 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Park County.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Reports. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2017. https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1511.zpay8394. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-park-colorado. Barkmann, Peter E., Erinn P. Johnson, Lesley A. Sebol, and F. Scot Fitzgerald. “OF-16-04 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Chaffee County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, April 2017. https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1604.vnwo8431. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-chaffee-colorado. Barkmann, Peter E., Lesley A. Sebol, Lauren D. Broes, and Katheryne H. McGee. “OF-18-12 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Elbert County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2021. https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1812.zikw4840. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-elbert-colorado. Sebol, Lesley A., Katheryne H. McGee, Erinn P. Johnson, and P. E. Barkmann. “OF-17-01 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Mesa County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2017. https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1701.udrz8804. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-mesa-colorado. Sebol, Lesley A., Martin J. Palkovic, Lauren D. Broes, and Peter E. Barkmann. “OF-19-01 Geology and Groundwater Resources of La Plata County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, March 2023. https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1901.ayne6155. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-la-plata-colorado/. Earlier USGS County-based reports Boettcher, Arnold J., and C. Albert Horr. “Geology and Ground-Water Resources in Eastern Cheyenne and Kiowa Counties, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Water-Supply Paper. Washington D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey and the Colorado Water Conservation Board, 1967. DOI: 10.3133/wsp1779N. USGS Publications Warehouse. https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779N. Coffin, Donald L., and Clarence Albert Horr. “Geology and Ground-Water Resources of the Big Sandy Creek Valley Lincoln, Cheyenne, and Kiowa Counties, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Water-Supply Paper. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey and the Colorado Water Conservation Board, 1967. https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1843/. McLaughlin, T.G. “Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Parts of Lincoln, Elbert, and El Paso Counties, Colorado: With Special Reference to Big Sandy Creek Valley above Limon.” Geology and Groundwater. Ground-Water Series Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey and Colorado Water Conservation Board, 1967. https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1843/report.pdf. Voegeli, Paul T., and Lloyd A. Hershey. “Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Prowers County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Water-Supply Paper. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey, 1965. http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wsp1772. Weist, W. G., Jr. “Reconnaissance of the Ground-Water Resources in Parts of Larimer, Logan, Morgan, Sedgwick, and Weld Counties, Colorado.” Groundwater. Water-Supply Paper. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey, 1965. https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809l/report.pdf. McGovern, H. E. “Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Washington County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Water-Supply Paper. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey, 1964. https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1777/. Smith, Rex O., P.A. Schneider, and Lester R. Petri. “Ground-Water Resources of the South Platte River Basin in Western Adams and Southwestern Weld Counties, Colorado.” Report. Water Supply Paper. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey, 1964. USGS Publications Warehouse. http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wsp1658. Weist, W. G., Jr. “Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Yuma County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Water-Supply Paper. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey, 1964. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wsp1539J. McLaughlin, Thad G. “Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Baca County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Water-Supply Paper. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey, 1954. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wsp1256.
Sebol, Lesley A. “OF-23-08 Baseline Radiological Study Year 2: Gunnison County, Colorado.” Water Resources. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2024. https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of2308.xaxl6287. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/baseline-radiological-gunnison-colorado/. Sebol, Lesley A. “OF-22-10 Baseline Radiological Study Year 1: Wet Mountains, Colorado.” Water Resources. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2024. https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of2210.wpgy1629. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/baseline-radiological-wet-mountains-colorado/. Sebol, Lesley A., Martin J. Palkovic, Lauren D. Broes, and Peter E. Barkmann. “OF-19-01 Geology and Groundwater Resources of La Plata County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, March 2023. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1901.ayne6155. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-la-plata-colorado/. Barkmann, Peter E., Kenneth Swift Bird, and Karen A. Berry. “OF-20-09 Review of the Jefferson County Water Supply Policies and Analyses for Land Development in Mountain Areas.” Water Resources. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, July 2021. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of2009.ktrq4514. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/review-jefferson-water-supply-policies. Barkmann, Peter E., Lesley A. Sebol, Lauren D. Broes, and Katheryne H. McGee. “OF-18-12 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Elbert County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2021. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1812.zikw4840. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-elbert-colorado. Barkmann, Peter E., Lauren D. Broes, Martin J. Palkovic, John C. Hopkins, Kenneth Swift Bird, Lesley A. Sebol, and F. Scot Fitzgerald. “ON-010 Colorado Groundwater Atlas.” Geoscience. ON-010 Colorado Groundwater Atlas, January 8, 2020. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/water/colorado-groundwater-atlas/. Barkmann, Peter E., Erinn P. Johnson, Lesley A. Sebol, and F. Scot Fitzgerald. “OF-16-04 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Chaffee County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, April 2017. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1604.vnwo8431. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-chaffee-colorado. Barkmann, P. E., Lesley A. Sebol, Erinn P. Johnson, F. S. Fitzgerald, and William Curtiss. “OF-15-11 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Park County.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Reports. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2017. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1511.zpay8394. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-park-colorado. Sebol, Lesley A., Katheryne H. McGee, Erinn P. Johnson, and P. E. Barkmann. “OF-17-01 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Mesa County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2017. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1701.udrz8804. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-mesa-colorado. Barkmann, P. E., F. Scot Fitzgerald, L. A. Sebol, W. Curtiss, J. Pike, Annette Moore, and B. Taylor. “OF-15-10 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Douglas County.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Reports. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2015. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1510.chwx1504. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-douglas-colorado. Topper, Ralf, Kenneth Scott, and Nicholas Watterson. “WAT-2011-02 Geologic Model of the Purgatoire River Watershed within the Raton Basin, Colorado.” Water Resources. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, May 2011. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/purgatoire-river-watershed-raton-basin-colorado/. Topper, Ralf, and Andy Horn. “WAT-2011-01 El Paso County Groundwater Quality Study: Phase 1.” Groundwater. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, March 2011. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/el-paso-groundwater-quality/. Barkmann, Peter. “WAT-2011-03 Coalbed Methane Stream Depletion Assessment Study – Sand Wash Basin, Colorado.” Water Resources. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 2011. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/cbm-sand-wash-basin-colorado/. Barkmann, Peter E., Marieke Dechesne, Mary Ellen Wickham, Jill Carlson, Scott Formolo, and Erik J. Oerter. “OF-11-03 Cross-Sections of the Fresh Water Bearing Strata of the Denver Basin between Greeley and Colorado Springs, Colorado, 2011.” Groundwater. Open File Report. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 2011. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1103.ifjy7699. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/denver-basin-cross-sections-colorado. Burnell, James R., Nicholas A. Watterson, Phyllis K. Scott, and Chris Eisinger. “MIN-2010-01 Lone Mesa State Park Mineral and Water Resource Assessment.” Mineral and Water Resources. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 2010. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/lone-mesa-state-park-mineral-water-assessment/. Morgan, Matthew L., and E. Billmeyer. “OF-10-03 Geologic Map of the Severy Creek Watershed, Teller and El Paso Counties, Colorado.” Geologic, 1:24,000. Open File Reports. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 2010. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1003.mebu9205. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geologic-map-severy-creek-watershed-teller-el-paso-colorado. Topper, Ralf E. “OF-09-11 Managing Stormwater to Protect Water Resources in Mountainous Regions of Colorado.” Hydrogeology. Open File Reports. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, July 2009. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of0911.lgao5246. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/managing-stormwater-mountainous-regions/. Topper, R., K. L. Spray, W. H. Bellis, J. L. Hamilton, and P. E. Barkmann. ON-06-01 Ground Water Atlas of Colorado. Online Series, ON-06-01. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 2006. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/colorado-groundwater-atlas-map/ Berry, Karen. “WAT-2005-01 Turkey Creek Watershed Case Study.” Water. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey and the Jefferson Conservation District, 2005. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/turkey-creek-watershed-case-study/. Scott, Larry. “PO-04 Poster – Water and Contamination in Colorado.” Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 2005. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/water-contamination-colorado-poster. Wood II, Robert H., David A. Bird, and Matthew A. Sares. “OF-05-01 Mine Site History and Watershed Characterization of the Cinnamon Gulch Area, Dillon Ranger District, White River National Forest, Summit County, Colorado.” Mineral and Water Resources. Open File Reports. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 2005. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of0501.yvro3555. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/mine-history-watershed-characterization-cinnamon-gulch-dillon-white-river-summit-colorado. Topper, R., P. E. Barkmann, D. A. Bird, and M. A. Sares. “EG-13 Artificial Recharge of Ground Water in Colorado: A Statewide Assessment.” Artificial Recharge. Environmental Geology. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 2004. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.eg13.gcvh8526. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/artificial-recharge-ground-water-colorado-statewide-assessment. Topper, R., K. L. Spray, W. H. Bellis, J. L. Hamilton, and P. E. Barkmann. SP-53 Ground Water Atlas of Colorado. Special Publications, SP-53. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 2003. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/colorado-groundwater-atlas. Topper, Ralf E., and Jason C. Wilson. “SP-53 Ground Water Atlas of Colorado.” Special Publication. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 2003. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/colorado-groundwater-atlas/ Weber, George R., and Matthew A. Sares. “IS-66 Directory of Colorado Water Quality Data.” Water Quality. Information Series. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 2003. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.is66.xgoi1711. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/colorado-water-quality-data. Colorado Geological Survey. “RockTalk V05N4, October 2002 – Ground Water in Colorado.” RockTalk, October 2002. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.rt0504.gwod2141. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/rocktalk-groundwater-colorado/ Gleason, J. Andrew, Matthew A. Sares, and Rob Blair. “FT-01-02 The San Juan Mountains of Southwest Colorado: Geology, Water Quality, Mine Remediation, and Avalanche Hazards : Field Trip Guidebook.” Colorado Geological Survey, October 17, 2001. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/field-trip-san-juan-mountains-colorado-geology-water-mine-remediation-avalanche-hazards/. Sares, Matthew A. “WAT-2001-01 Geology, Mining, and Water Quality.” Water Resources presented at the Colorado Geological Survey, Denver, CO, October 11, 2001. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-mining-water-quality. Sares, Matthew A., and J. Andrew Gleason. “FT-00-02 Geology, Water Quality, and Avalanche Hazards of the Ouray – Silverton Area, Southwest Colorado: Earth Science Week Field Trip, October 9, 2000.” Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, October 9, 2000. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/field-trip-geology-water-quality-avalanche-hazards-ouray-silverton-southwest-colorado/. Colorado Geological Survey. “RockTalk V03N2, April 2000 – Water Quality in Colorado.” RockTalk, April 2000. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.rt0302.fihm4524. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/rocktalk-water-quality-colorado/. Neubert, John T. “OF-00-16 Naturally Degraded Surface Waters Associated with Hydrothermally Altered Terrane in Colorado.” Surface Water. Open File Reports. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 2000. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of0016.cqvq1711. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/naturally-degraded-surface-waters-hydrothermally-altered-terrane-colorado. Weber, George R., and Matthew A. Sares. “OF-99-09 Directory of Colorado Water Quality Data.” Mineral Resources. Open File Report. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 1999. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of9909.sggx3906. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/directory-colorado-water-quality-data. Zook, Jonathan M., and Matthew A. Sares. “IS-48 Colorado Water Quality Database from the Environmental Protection Agency’s STORET Database.” Water Quality. Information Series. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1999. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.is48.nwpm3316. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/colorado-water-quality-database-epa-storet-database. Plumlee, Geoffrey S., Randall K. Streufert, Kathleen S. Smith, Alan R. Wallace, Margo I. Toth, J. Thomas Nash, Rob Robinson, Walter H. Ficklin, and Gregory K. Lee. “MS-29 Map Showing Potential Metal-Mine Drainage Hazards in Colorado, Based on Mineral-Deposit Geology.” Metal-Mine Drainage Hazards, 1:750,000. Map Series. Denver, CO: U.S. Geological Survey, 1995. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.ms29.jkjx7665. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/map-potential-metal-mine-drainage-hazards-colorado-mineral-deposit-geology. Kirkham, Robert M., Susan H. Cannon, William P. Rogers, Bruce K. Stover, and Randall K. Streufert. “IS-37 Water Resources Beneath State Lands in Part of T. 16 S., R. 63 W., Black Squirrel Creek Basin, El Paso County, Colorado.” Hydrological. Information Series. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Division of Minerals and Geology, Department of Natural Resources, 1993. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.is37.wcan5649. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/water-resources-beneath-state-lands-black-squirrel-creek-basin-el-paso-colorado. Kirkham, Robert M., and John W. Rold. “SP-29 Water Resources of Upper Crow Creek, Colorado.” Water Resources. Special Publication. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1986. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.sp29.knhm4528. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/water-resources-upper-crow-creek-colorado. Colorado Geological Survey. “ENE-1985-01 Project Summary Geothermal Water Resource Investigations in Glenwood Canyon for Colorado Division of Highways.” Geothermal. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, December 1985. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geothermal-resource-investigation-glenwood-canyon/. Davis, George H. MI-20 Ground Water Issues and Answers. Miscellaneous Investigations, MI–20. Arvada, CO: American Institute of Professional Geologists, 1985. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/ground-water-issues-answers. Jochim, Candace L., and William Wright. “WAT-1985-01 Preliminary Ground Water Investigations of Division of Wildlife Fish Hatcheries.” Groundwater. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1985. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/groundwater-investigation-colorado-fish-hatcheries/. McCarthy, Kevin P. “OF-82-05 Geothermal Implications of Warm Mine Water Drainage at Lake City and Cripple Creek, Colorado.” Geothermal Resources. Open File Report. Denver. CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1982. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of8205.qdni9077. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geothermal-implications-mine-water-drainage-lake-city-cripple-creek-colorado. Vinckier, Thomas Alan. “OF-82-03 Hydrogeology of the Dakota Group Aquifer with Emphasis on the Radium-226 Content of Its Contained Ground Water, Cañon City Embayment, Fremont and Pueblo Counties, Colorado.” Hydrogeology. Open File Report. Denver. CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1982. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of8203.dgse2591. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/hydrogeology-dakota-group-aquifer-radium-226-ground-water-canon-city-fremont-pueblo-colorado. Eakins, Wynn. “OF-81-08 Geophysical Logs from the 1981 Water Well Logging Program, Castle Rock (1/2×1 Degree) Quadrangle.” Groundwater. Open File Report. Denver. CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1981. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of8108.lslg7936. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geophysical-logs-water-well-logging-castle-rock-quadrangle-colorado-1981. Garing, Kenneth L., and Frances R. Connor. “SP-18 Groundwater Heat Pumps in Colorado: An Efficient and Cost-Effective Way to Heat and Cool Your Home.” Geothermal Resources. Special Publication. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1981. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.sp18.phga6214. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/groundwater-heat-pump-hvac. Mustard, Martha H., and Doug Cain. “Hydrology and Chemical Quality of Ground Water in Kiowa County, Colorado.” Report. Open-File Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey, 1981. USGS Publications Warehouse. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811023. Repplier, Frank N., M. M. Rell, and R. K. Columbia. “MS-21 Groundwater Temperatures Map of Colorado.” Groundwater Temperatures, 1:500,000. Map Series. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1981. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.ms21.ercc3543. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/groundwater-temperatures-map-colorado. Hall, Dennis C., Donald E. Hillier, Doug Cain, and Elaine L. Boyd. “Bulletin 42 – Water Resources of Boulder County, Colorado.” Water Resources. Bulletin. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1980. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.b42.hraz3513. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/water-resources-boulder. Kirkham, Robert M., and William J. O’Leary. “IS-13 Chemical Analyses of Water Wells in Selected Strippable Coal and Lignite Areas, Denver Basin, Colorado.” Water. Information Series. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1980. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.is13.avkm2305. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/chemical-analyses-water-wells-strippable-coal-lignite-denver-basin-colorado. Kirkham, Robert M., William O’Leary, and James W. Warner. “IS-12 Hydrogeologic and Stratigraphic Data Pertinent to Uranium Mining, Cheyenne Basin, Colorado.” Information Series. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1980. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.is12.qvcw3928. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/hydrogeologic-stratigraphic-data-uranium-mining-cheyenne-basin-colorado. Repplier, Frank N., F. C. Healy, Donna Bishop Collins, and P. A. Longmire. “MS-16 Atlas of Ground Water Quality in Colorado.” Groundwater Quality, Variable. Map Series. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1980. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.ms16.clzj8912. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/atlas-ground-water-quality-colorado. Brogden, R. E., and T. F. Giles. “OF-77-04 Reconnaissance of Ground-Water in a Part of the Yampa River Basin between Craig and Steamboat Springs, Moffat and Routt Counties, Colorado.” Groundwater. Water-Resources Investigations Report. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources and the U. S. Geological Survey, 1977. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of7704.criv5994. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/shop/groundwater-yampa-moffat-routt-colorado/. Hofstra, Warren E. “Bulletin 36 – Geologic Control of Supply and Quality of Water Mountainous Part of Jefferson County, Colorado.” Groundwater. Bulletin. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1975. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.b36.oshm9906. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geologic-control-supply-quality-water-jefferson. Hofstra, Warren E., and Dennis C. Hall. “MI-11 Water Resources: Basic-Data Release Number 36 – Hydrogeologic and Water-Quality Data in Western Jefferson County, Colorado.” Water Resources. Miscellaneous Investigations. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1975. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.mi11.syvr9261. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/hydrologic-water-quality-data-jefferson-colorado. Pearl, Richard Howard. “SP-04 Geology of Ground Water Resources in Colorado: An Introduction.” Groundwater. Special Publication. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1974. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.sp04.ptyx3839. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-ground-water-resources-colorado. Weeks, John B., and Frank A. Welder. “MI-10 Water Resources: Basic-Data Release Number 35 – Hydrologic and Geophysical Data from the Piceance Basin, Colorado.” Water Resources. Miscellaneous Investigations. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1974. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.mi10.twzx8742. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/hydrologic-geophysical-data-piceance-basin-colorado. Colorado Geological Survey. “OF-73-01 Geology and Mineral Resources of LAVCOG Planning District 6: Surficial Deposits; Groundwater Resources; Oil & Gas Fields and Major Geologic Features; and Mineral Resources.” Mineral Resources. Open File Reports. Denver, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, 1973. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of7301.psde4412. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-mineral-resources-planning-district-6. Fischer, R. P. “MI-07 Mineral and Water Resources of Colorado.” Mineral and Water Resources. Miscellaneous Investigations. Washington, D.C.: Colorado Mining Industrial Development Board, October 1963. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.mi07.wwmv7321. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/mineral-water-resources-colorado. Weeks, Herbert W. “Bulletin 28 – Oil and Water Possibilities of Parts of Delta and Mesa Counties, Colorado.” Oil and Water. Bulletin. Boulder, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 1925. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.b28.oxdo7992. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/oil-water-delta-mesa-colorado. Patton, Horace B., W. C. Toepelman, and Jas. Terry Duce. “Bulletin 27 – Part I – Underground Water Possibilities La Junta Area, Colorado; Part II – Underground Water Resources of Parts of Crowley and Otero County; Part III – Geology of Parts of Animas, Otero, and Bent Counties.” Hydrogeology. Bulletin. Boulder, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 1924. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.b27.xlhz4342. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/stock-domestic-underground-water-crowley-otero-la-junta-colorado. Coffin, R. C., and A. J. Tieje. “Bulletin 26 – Preliminary Report on the Underground Waters of a Part of Southeastern Colorado.” Hydrogeology. Bulletin. Boulder, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 1921. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.b26.sdlu5262. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/underground-waters-southeastern-colorado. George, R. D., Harry A. Curtis, O. C. Lester, J. K. Crook, and J. B. Yeo. “Bulletin 11 – Mineral Waters of Colorado.” Water Resources. Bulletin. Boulder, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 1920. Https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.b11.negy6015. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/mineral-waters-colorado/. Current County Reports Barkmann, P. E., F. Scot Fitzgerald, L. A. Sebol, W. Curtiss, J. Pike, Annette Moore, and B. Taylor. “OF-15-10 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Douglas County.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Reports. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2015. https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1510.chwx1504. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-douglas-colorado. Barkmann, P. E., Lesley A. Sebol, Erinn P. Johnson, F. S. Fitzgerald, and William Curtiss. “OF-15-11 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Park County.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Reports. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2017. https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1511.zpay8394. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-park-colorado. Barkmann, Peter E., Erinn P. Johnson, Lesley A. Sebol, and F. Scot Fitzgerald. “OF-16-04 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Chaffee County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, April 2017. https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1604.vnwo8431. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-chaffee-colorado. Barkmann, Peter E., Lesley A. Sebol, Lauren D. Broes, and Katheryne H. McGee. “OF-18-12 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Elbert County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2021. https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1812.zikw4840. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-elbert-colorado. Sebol, Lesley A., Katheryne H. McGee, Erinn P. Johnson, and P. E. Barkmann. “OF-17-01 Geology and Groundwater Resources of Mesa County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, 2017. https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1701.udrz8804. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-mesa-colorado. Sebol, Lesley A., Martin J. Palkovic, Lauren D. Broes, and Peter E. Barkmann. “OF-19-01 Geology and Groundwater Resources of La Plata County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Open File Report. Golden, CO: Colorado Geological Survey, March 2023. https://doi.org/10.58783/cgs.of1901.ayne6155. CGS Publications. https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/geology-groundwater-resources-la-plata-colorado/. Earlier USGS County-based reports Boettcher, Arnold J., and C. Albert Horr. “Geology and Ground-Water Resources in Eastern Cheyenne and Kiowa Counties, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Water-Supply Paper. Washington D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey and the Colorado Water Conservation Board, 1967. DOI: 10.3133/wsp1779N. USGS Publications Warehouse. https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779N. Coffin, Donald L., and Clarence Albert Horr. “Geology and Ground-Water Resources of the Big Sandy Creek Valley Lincoln, Cheyenne, and Kiowa Counties, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Water-Supply Paper. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey and the Colorado Water Conservation Board, 1967. https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1843/. McLaughlin, T.G. “Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Parts of Lincoln, Elbert, and El Paso Counties, Colorado: With Special Reference to Big Sandy Creek Valley above Limon.” Geology and Groundwater. Ground-Water Series Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey and Colorado Water Conservation Board, 1967. https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1843/report.pdf. Voegeli, Paul T., and Lloyd A. Hershey. “Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Prowers County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Water-Supply Paper. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey, 1965. http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wsp1772. Weist, W. G., Jr. “Reconnaissance of the Ground-Water Resources in Parts of Larimer, Logan, Morgan, Sedgwick, and Weld Counties, Colorado.” Groundwater. Water-Supply Paper. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey, 1965. https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809l/report.pdf. McGovern, H. E. “Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Washington County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Water-Supply Paper. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey, 1964. https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1777/. Smith, Rex O., P.A. Schneider, and Lester R. Petri. “Ground-Water Resources of the South Platte River Basin in Western Adams and Southwestern Weld Counties, Colorado.” Report. Water Supply Paper. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey, 1964. USGS Publications Warehouse. http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wsp1658. Weist, W. G., Jr. “Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Yuma County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Water-Supply Paper. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey, 1964. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wsp1539J. McLaughlin, Thad G. “Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Baca County, Colorado.” Geology and Groundwater. Water-Supply Paper. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey, 1954. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wsp1256.
Links Colorado Water Conservation Board (CWCB) — Includes the Colorado Water Plan and is Colorado’s most comprehensive water information resource. Colorado Division of Water Resources (CDWR) — Information related to the state’s groundwater resources, including administration, well permitting, well contractor licensing, and groundwater level reports. Colorado Ground Water Commission — Information and resources related to groundwater resources in designated basins. EPA Groundwater & Drinking Water — Basic groundwater info, as water well information and data on quality standards for the United States. USGS Colorado Water Science Center’s Groundwater Information & Data — Information relating to Colorado’s groundwater supplies, including real-time monitoring data, data mapper and general groundwater knowledge. USGS Groundwater Information — Information related to national groundwater resources and aquifers, including general background, as well as more detailed info on specific aquifers.
Colorado Water Conservation Board (CWCB) — Includes the Colorado Water Plan and is Colorado’s most comprehensive water information resource. Colorado Division of Water Resources (CDWR) — Information related to the state’s groundwater resources, including administration, well permitting, well contractor licensing, and groundwater level reports. Colorado Ground Water Commission — Information and resources related to groundwater resources in designated basins. EPA Groundwater & Drinking Water — Basic groundwater info, as water well information and data on quality standards for the United States. USGS Colorado Water Science Center’s Groundwater Information & Data — Information relating to Colorado’s groundwater supplies, including real-time monitoring data, data mapper and general groundwater knowledge. USGS Groundwater Information — Information related to national groundwater resources and aquifers, including general background, as well as more detailed info on specific aquifers.
Media Zoom Download Image Share Niobrara Formation, Larimer County. Photo credit: Orna Buch-Leviatan (CGS).