HAZUS simulation: 1882 Earthquake, Rocky Mountain National Park Epicenter M 6.6, CEUS Attenuation

Earthquake Reference Collection

Staff at the CGS assembled an Earthquake Reference Collection that brings together in one place more than 500 references that pertain broadly to seismicity, structural geology, faulting, and tectonics across the state of Colorado. Many of these references are difficult if not impossible to locate in most libraries.

To access the collection you will need to go to Zotero.org and create a user account. Once you have done this, email us the user name you created, and we will share with you the contents of the ERC library through the Zotero sharing function. Zotero is an open-source platform for authors, academics, students, and the general public to create and share bibliographic collections. The CGS has no relationship with Zotero except as a user of the platform.

This is the most current bibliography of the ERC. You will be able to access pdf downloads of the articles and publications via the Zotero shared library.

Abbott, J.T., 1976, Geologic map of the Big Narrows quadrangle, Larimer County, Colorado: Geologic Quadrangle, scale 1:24,000.

Ake, J., and Butler, D., 1988, Front Range seismicity study: MicroGeophysics Corporation Annual Progress Report.

Ake, J., Chang, P.S., and Martin, R., 1992, Microseismicity induced by fluid injection in the Paradox Valley of southwestern Colorado (Abstract only): Seismological Research Letters, v. 63, no. 1, p. 19–20.

Ake, J.P., and O’Connell, H., 1994, Induced Microseismicity Associated with Deep-well Disposal of Brine at Paradox Valley, Colorado (Abstract only), in 1994 Fall Meeting – Eos, Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union Abstracts.:

Ake, J., Ostenaa, D., Mahrer, K., Sneddon, C., and Block, L., 2002, Seismotectonic evaluation and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for Ridgway Dam, Dallas Creek Project, Colorado: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Seismotectonic Evaluation 2001–4.

Ake, J.P., and Vetter, U., 2000, Probabilistic ground motion evaluation for Horsetooth, Spring Canyon, Soldier Canyon, and Dixon Dams, Colorado-Big Thompson Project, North-Central Colorado: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Technical Memorandum D8330-2000–006.

Algermissen, S.T., Perkins, D.M., Thenhaus, P.C., Hanson, S.L., and Bender, B.L., 1982, Probabilistic estimates of maximum acceleration and velocity in rock in the contiguous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Report 82–1033.

Algermissen, S.T., Perkins, D.M., Thenhaus, P.C., Hanson, S.L., and Bender, B.L., 1990, Probabilistic earthquake acceleration and velocity maps for the United States and Puerto Rico: Miscellaneous Field Studies Map.

Allen, C.R., 1974, Geological Criteria for Evaluating Seismicity: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 86, p. 17.

Allen, C.R., 1986, Reservoir-induced seismicity bibliography:

Alvord, D.C., 1955, Carnotite resources of San Miguel bench, Montrose County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Report 289.

An assessment of seismic monitoring in the United States: requirement for an Advanced National Seismic System, 1999, U.S. Geological Survey Report 1188.

Arestad, J.F., 1977, Resistivity studies in the upper Arkansas Valley and northern San Luis Valley, Colorado: Golden, CO, Colorado School of Mines, 277 p.

Atkinson, C.H., and Ward, D.C., 1967, Project Gasbuggy – Status Report: Journal of Petroleum Technology, p. 1319–1324.

Baars, D.L., and Stevenson, G.M., 1981, Tectonic evolution of the Paradox Basin, Utah & Colorado, in 1981 Field Conference – Geology of the Paradox Basin: Denver, CO, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 23–31.

Baecher, G.B., and Keeney, R.L., 1982, Statistical examination of reservoir-induced seismicity: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 72, no. 2, p. 553–569.

Baker, A.A., 1935, Geologic structure of southeastern Utah: Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 19, no. 10, p. 1472–1507.

Baltz, E.H., 1965, Stratigraphy and history of Raton Basin and notes on San Luis Basin, Colorado-New Mexico: Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 49, no. 11, p. 2041–2073.

Bardwell, G.E., 1966, Some statistical features of the relationship between Rocky Mountain Arsenal Waste Disposal and frequency of earthquakes: The Mountain Geologist, v. 3, no. 1, p. 37–42.

Battalora, R.J., 1997, Earthquake magnitudes and recurrence intervals in Colorado: Fort Collins, CO, Colorado State University, 212 p.

Beckner, J., Earley, J., Li, L., Hardesty, R., Alsop, T., and Hickman, A., 1996, Preliminary and detailed seismic evaluations for potentially hazardous buildings within the City of Fort Collins: Earthquake Damage Consulting.

Behrendt, J.C., and Bajwa, L.Y., 1974, Bouguer gravity and generalized elevation maps of Colorado- Map 896: Geophysical Investigation Map, scale 1:1,000,000.

Behrendt, J., Popenoe, P., and Mattick, R., 1969, A Geophysical Study of North Park and the Surrounding Ranges, Colorado: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, no. 8, p. 9.

Bell, H., 1952, Carnotite resources of the Legin Group Area, San Miguel County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Report 145.

Berg, R.R., 1962, Subsurface interpretation of Golden Fault at Soda Lakes, Jefferson County, Colorado (G. E. Murray, Ed.): Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 46, no. 1, p. 704–707.

Bergendahl, M.H., 1963, Geology of the northern part of the Tenmile Range, Summit County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Report 1162D.

Bogolub, K.R., Morgan, M.L., Fitzgerald, F.S., Palkovic, M.J., and Broes, L.D., 2019, Increasing Colorado’s Seismic Network – New Developments by the Colorado Geological Survey, in 2019 SSA Annual Meeting – Central and Eastern North America and Intraplate Regions Worldwide [Poster]: Seattle, WA, Seismological Society of America.

Bohari, F., Mollison, J., Ratcliff, B., Reineck, M., and Schlittenhart, J., 1997, The design of an earthquake public information program for Colorado:

Bollinger, G.A., Adams, M.J., Henrisey, R.F., and Langer, C.J., 1983, The Denver Earthquake Sequence of March-April 1981: Earthquake Notes, v. 54, no. 2, p. 3–12.

Bolyard, D.W., 1997, Late Conozoic history of the northern Colorado Front Range, in Colorado Front Range Guidebook: Denver, CO, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 125–134.

Bonilla, M.G., and Buchanan, J.M., 1970, Interim report on worldwide historic surface faulting: U.S. Geological Survey Report 1161.

Bonkoski, M., Carsten, J., Hansuld, B., Hochnadel, J., and Ryman, D., 2000, Seismic restraint of mechanical and electrical systems: Colorado School of Mines, 38 p.

Boos, C.M., and Boos, M.F., 1957, Tectonics of eastern flank and foothills of Front Range, Colorado: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 41, no. 12, p. 2603–2676.

Bott, J.D.J., and Wong, I.G., 1995a, The 1986 Crested Butte earthquake swarm: a model for contemporary seismogenesis in Colorado: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 85, no. 5, p. 1495–1500.

Bott, J.D.J., and Wong, I.G., 1995b, The 1986 Crested Butte swarm and its implications for seismogenesis in Colorado: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 85, no. 5, p. 1495–1500.

Bott, J.D., and Wong, I.G., 1996, What’s been happening at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal? (Abstract only):

Bott, J., Wong, I., Ake, J., and Steele-Weir, S., 2000a, Upper crustal velocities and earthquake relocations in the central Front Range, Colorado, from a joint hypocenter-velocity inversion: American Geophysical Union 2000 Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

Bott, J.D., Wong, I.G., Ake, J., and Steele-Weir, S., 2000b, Upper crustal velocities and earthquake relocations in the central Front Range, Colorado, from a joint hypocenter-velocity inversion (Abstract only), in Abstract and presentation notes from the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting: San Francisco, CA, American Geophysical Union, p. F1197.

Boyer, R.F., 1962, Petrology and structure of the southern Wet Mountains, Colorado: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 73, p. 1047–1070.

Braddock, W.A., and Cole, J.C., 1978, Preliminary geologic map of the Greeley 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Colorado and Wyoming: Open-File Report.

Braddock, W.A., and Cole, J.C., 1990, Geologic map of Rocky Mountain National Park and vicinity, Colorado: IMAP.

Braddock, W.A., and Connor, J.J., 1988, Geologic map of the Livermore Mountain quadrangle, Larimer County, Colorado: Geologic Quadrangle.

Bradley, W.H., 1936, Geomorphology of the north flank of the Uinta Mountains: Report 185I, 163–199 p.

Brasher, G.K., 1952, Carnotite resources of Outlaw Mesa, Mesa County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Report 163, 118 p.

Bredehoeft, J.D., Raleigh, C.B., and Healy, J.H., 1974, Control of earthquakes at Rangely, Colorado (Abstract only): AAPG Bulletin, v. 58, no. 7, p. 1432.

Bredehoeft, J.D., Wolff, R.G., Keys, W.S., and Shuter, E., 1976, Hydraulic fracturing to determine the regional in situ stress field, Piceance Basin, Colorado: Geological Society Bulletin, v. 87, p. 250–258.

Brennan, W.J., 1969, Structural and surficial geology of the west flank of the Gore Range, Colorado: Boulder, CO, University of Colorado, 121 p.

Brew, D.A., 1954, Exploration for uranium deposits in the Atkinson Mesa area, Montrose County, Colorado: Report 290.

Bridwell, R.J., 1968, Geology of the Kerber Creek area, Saguache County, Colorado: Golden, CO, Colorado School of Mines, 229 p.

Brill Jr., K.G., and Nuttli, O.W., 1983, Seismicity of the Colorado Lineament: Geology, v. 11, no. 1, p. 20–24.

Brown, L.L., and Golombek, M.P., 1997, Tectonic stability of the San Luis Hills, Northern Rio Grande Rift, Colorado: Evidence from paleomagnetic measurements: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 24, no. 4, p. 473–476., doi: 10.1029/97GL00127.

Bruner, B., 2016, Bailey area hit by 2.4 magnitude earthquake: Online, http://www.theflume.com/free_content/article_a398f66a-8ccf-11e6-b056-bb2ab9a11905.html, accessed November 2016.

Bryan, K., 1938, Section 1.- Geology and ground-water conditions of the Rio Grande Depression in Colorado and New Mexico, in Regional Planning, Part VI: The Rio Grande Joint Investigaion in the Upper Rio Grande Basin in Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas 1936-1937: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey, p. 197–225.

Bryner, L., 1952, Carnotite resources of Club Mesa, Montrose County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Report 147.

Budnitz, R.J., Lysmer, J., Bolt, B.A., Cowart, V., and West, M.W., 1994, Peer review panel final report: seismic hazard study, Rocky Flats Plant, Jefferson County, Colorado: Michael W. West and Associates, Inc.

Buffler, R.T., 1997, The Browns Park Formation and its relationship to the late Tertiary geologic history of the Elkhead region, northwestern Colorado – south central Wyoming: Berkeley, CA, University of California, Berkley, 197 p.

Burroughs, R.L., and McFadden, D.H., 1976, Some hydrogeologic problems in the San Luis Basin, Colorado-New Mexico: Colorado School of Mines Professional Contributions, v. 8, p. 544–549.

Bush, A.L., 1950, Carnotite resources in the Charles T. area and vicinity, San Miguel County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Report 112.

Bush, A.L., Hilpert, L.S., and Trace, R.D., 1950, Carnotite resources of the Georgetown group of claims, San Miguel County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Report 116.

Butler, D., 1990, Seismic hazard estimation at the Two Forks Dam Site near Denver, Colorado, in Geotechnical and Environmental Geophysics, Volume III: Geotechnical: Tulsa, OK, Society of Exploration Geophysics, p. 107–119.

Butler, D., 1992, Front Range seismicity study Annual Progress Report 1992: MicroGeophysics Corporation Annual Progress Report Volume 1.

Butler, D., 1993, Front Range Seismicity Study: Annual Progress Report: MicroGeophysics Corporation.

Butler, D., and Ake, J., 1991, Front Range seismicity study Annual Progress Report 1991: MicroGeophysics Corporation Annual Progress Report.

Butler, D., and Ake, J., 1993, Front Range seismic hazard, in AGU Front Range Meeting, Spring 1993 – AGU Front Range Meeting, Spring 1993: American Geophysical Union.

Butler, D., Ake, J., and Nicholl Jr, J.J., 1988, Seismic hazard analysis in the Front Range of Colorado (Abstract only), in 1988 Centennial Celebration Program – Denver, CO, Geological Society of America, p. A15.

Butler, D.L., Brown, P.L., and Bowman, J.R., 1978, Strontia Springs Project: MicroGeophysics Corporation Seismicity Report.

Butler, D.L., Brown, P.L., and Kumamoto, L.H., 1977, Seismological Investigations of the South Platte River Canyon: Foothills Treatment Plant: MicroGeophysics Corporation Seismological Investigation.

Butler, D., and Fore, M.A., 1993, Front Range seismicity study: MicroGeophysics Corporation Annual Progress Report.

Butler, D., Hornback, V.Q., Parsons, J.P., Wahlstrom, E.E., and Wengler, R., 1983, Geology and seismicity of the Strontia Springs area and adjacent areas, Colorado: Denver Water Department.

Butler, D., and Nicholl Jr, J.J., 1985a, Seismicity of the Conifer Colorado earthquake of November 2, 1981: MicroGeophysics Corporation.

Butler, D., and Nicholl Jr, J.J., 1985b, The January 6, 1979 Divide Colorado earthquake: MicroGeophysics Corporation Preliminary Draft.

Cashion (compiler), W.B., 1973, Geologic and structure map of the Grand Junction Quadrangle, Colorado and Utah- Map I-736: IMAP.

Cater, F.W., 1955, Geologic Map of the Naturita NW quadrangle, Colorado: Geologic Quadrangle, scale 1:24,000.

Cater, F.W., and Craig, L.C., 1970, Geology of the Salt Anticline region in southwestern Colorado, with a section on stratigraphy: U.S. Geological Survey Report 637.

Cater, F.W., Stokes, W.L., and Phoenix, D.A., 1955, Geologic map of the Horse Range Mesa quadrangle, Colorado: Geologic Quadrangle, scale 1:24,000.

Chapin, C.E., 1971, The Rio Grande Rift, Part I: Modifications and Additions, in James, H.L., editor, Guidebook of the San Luis Basin, Colorado: New Mexico Geological Society, p. 191–201.

Chapin, C.E., 1979, Evolution of the Rio Grande Rift – a summary, in Rio Grande Rift: Tectonics and Magmatism: American Geophysical Union.

Chapin, C.E., and Kelley, S.A., 1997, The Rocky Mountain erosion surface in the Front Range of Colorado, in Colorado Front Range Guidebook-1997: Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 101–114.

Charlie, W.A., Battalora, R.J., Siller, T.J., and Doehring, D.O., 2002, Magnitude recurrence relations for Colorado earthquakes: Earthquake Spectra, v. 18, no. 2, p. 233–250.

Charlie, W., Battalora, R., Siller, T., Doehring, D., and van de Lindt, J.W., 2006, Colorado Earthquakes and Active Faults, in Colorado Geotechnical Seminar – ASCE Colorado Section – 2006 Colorado Geotechnical Seminar: Denver, CO.

Charlie, W.A., Doehring, D.O., and Oaks, S.D., 1993, Earthquake hazard in Colorado -Design Earthquakes-: Colorado State University Open-File Report CEHPR-93-01.

Chesterman, C.W., and Main, F.H., 1947, Reconnaissance investigations for trace elements in Utah, Colorado, Nevada,California,and Oregon – preliminary report: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations Report 24.

Christman, R.A., Heyman, A.M., Dellwig, L.F., and Gott, G.B., 1953, Thorium investigations, 1950-52, Wet Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Report 290, 40 p.

Chronic, J., 1964, Geology of the southern Mosquito Range, Colorado: The Mountain Geologist, v. 1, no. 3, p. 103–113.

Colman, S.M., 1985, Map showing tectonic features of late Cenozoic origin in Colorado: IMAP.

Colman, S.M., Choquette, A.F., Rosholt, J.M., Miller, G.H., and Huntley, D.J., 1986, Dating the upper Cenozoic sediments in Fisher Valley, southeastern Utah (USA).: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, no. 12, p. 1422–1431.

Colman, S.M., McCalpin, J.P., Ostenaa, D.A., and Kirkham, R.M., 1985, Map showing upper Cenozoic rocks and deposits and Quaternary faults, Rio Grande rift, south-central Colorado-IMAP 1594: IMAP.

Colman, S.M., Osterwald, F.W., Scott, G.R., Algermissen, S.T., Perkins, D.M., Hopper, M.G., and Brockman, S.R., 1981, Review of Dames and Moore Draft Final Report:

Colorado Earthquake Hazards: a map of earthquakes and related hazards in Colorado, 1999, scale 1:1,150,000.

Colorado Geological Survey, 2002, RockTalk V05N2, April 2002 – Earthquakes in Colorado: RockTalk, v. 5, no. 2, p. 12.

Colton, R.B., 1976, Map showing landslide deposits and late Tertiary and Quaternary faulting in the Ft. Garland-San Luis area, Colorado-New Mexico: Open-File Report.

Condon, S., 2017, Marble area all shook up, but undamaged, by 11 small earthquakes Jan. 19 and 20: Aspen Times.

Corbett, M.K., 1966, The Geology and Structure of the Mt. Richthofen-Iron Mt. Region, North Central Colorado: The Mountain Geologist, v. 3, no. 1.

Cordell, L., 1978, Regional geophysical setting of the Rio Grande Rift: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 89, p. 1073–1090.

Cranswick, E., 1988, Microearthquakes recorded by a micro array at a “Hard Rock” site near Crested Butte, Colorado (Abstract only): Eos, v. 69, no. 18., doi: 10.1029/88EO00160.

Crompton, J.S., 1976, An active seismic reconnaissance survey of the Mount Princeton area Chaffee County, Colorado: Golden, CO, Colorado School of Mines, 66 p.

Crone, A.J., and Machette, M.N., 1995a, Holocene movement on the Cheraw Fault, SE Colorado: another late Quaternary fault in the stable continental interior (Abstract only), in American Geophysical Union 1995 Fall Meeting – American Geophysical Union, p. F362.

Crone, A.J., and Machette, M.N., 1995b, Investigations of Quaternary faulting in the stable interior of the west-central United States, in 1995 Fall Meeting: Denver, CO, American Geophysical Union, p. 9.

Crone, A.J., Machette, M.N., Bradley, L.-A., and Mahan, S.A., 1997, Late Quaternary surface faulting on the Cheraw Fault, southeastern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Report 2591.

Crone, A.J., Machette, M.N., Bradley, L.-A., and Mahan, S., 2006, Data Related to Late Quaternary Surface Faulting on the Sangre de Cristo Fault, Rito Seco Site, Costilla County, Colorado- Map-2955: Scientific Investigations Map.

de la Cruz, R.V., and Raleigh, C.B., 1972, Absolute Stress Measurements at the Rangely Anticline, Northwestern Colorado: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, v. 9, p. 625–634.

Curtis, B.F. (Ed.), 1973, Cenozoic History of the Southern Rocky Mountains: Memoir, Geological Society of America, Memoir, 288 p.

Cypser, D.A., and Davis, S.D., 1994, The state of corporate knowledge on injection induced earthquakes, an informal survey (Abstract only), in AGU 1994 Fall Meeting – AGU 1994 Fall Meeting: San Francisco, CA, American Geophysical Union.

D. H. Knepper, 1976, Late Cenozoic Structure of the Rio Grande Rift Zone, Central Colorado: Colorado School of Mines Professional Contributions, v. 8, p. 421–430.

Dames and Moore, 1981, Geologic and Seismologic Investigations for Rocky Flats Plant for U.S. Department of Energy: Dames & Moore Geologic and Seismologic Investigations 10805-041–14.

Darrow, A.C., and Krusi, A.P., 1982, Investigations of the activity of the Golden Fault, Colorado (Abstract only), in 35th Annual Meeting Rocky Mountain Section – Bozeman, MT, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, p. 308.

Davis, T.L., 1974, Seismic investigation of late Cretaceous faulting along the east flank of the central Front Range, Colorado: Golden, CO, Colorado School of Mines, 80 p.

Davis, S.D., and Frohlich, C., 1993, Did (or will) fluid injection cause earthquakes? – Criteria for a rational assessment: Seismological Research Letters, v. 64, no. 3–4, p. 207–224.

Davis, T.L., and Stoughton, D., 1979, Interpretation of seismic reflection data from the northern San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado, in Rio Grande Rift: Tectonics and Magmatism: Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, p. 185–194.

Davis, T.L., and Weimer, R.J., 1976, Late Cretaceous Growth Faulting, Denver Basin, Colorado: Colorado School of Mines Professional Contributions, v. 8, p. 280–300.

Dee, S.E., 1994, A review of return periods and magnitudes of earthquakes in the denver metropolitan area:

Dickson, P.A., 1988, Seismic hazard investigations in central Front Range, CO (Abstract only), in 1988 Centennial Celebration Program – Denver, CO, Geological Society of America, p. A15.

Drake, A.A., 1955, Geology of the Wood and East Calhoun mines, Central City District, Gilpin County, Colorado: Trace Elements Investigations Report 175.

Dueker, K., Yuan, H., and Zurek, B., 2001, Thick-structured Proterozoic lithosphere of the Rocky Mountain region: GSA Today, v. 11, no. 12, p. 4–9.

Dyni, J.R., 1968, Geologic map of the Elk Springs quadrangle, Moffatt County, Colorado: Geologic Quadrangle, scale 1:62,500.

Earthquake history of Colorado, in Fall 1993 AGU Meeting – Earthquake History of Colorado: San Francisco, CA, National Earthquake Information Center.

Eaton, G.P., 1986, A tectonic redefinition of the Southern Rocky Mountains: Tectonophysics, v. 132, p. 163–193.

Ebel, J., Lazarewicz, A.R., and Kafka, A., 1998, Investigating seismotectonics in the eastern United States using a geographic information system: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 117 p., doi: 10.2172/576078.

Eckert, A.D., 1982, The geology and seismology of the Dudley Gulch Graben and related faults, Piceance Creek Basin, northwestern Colorado: Boulder, CO, University of Colorado, 174 p.

Eggler, D.H., 1968, Virginia Dale Precambrian ring dike complex, Colorado-Wyoming: Geological Society Bulletin, v. 79, p. 1545–1564.

Eldredge, S.N., 1996, Homebuyer’s guide to earthquake hazards in Utah: Public Information Series, Salt Lake City, UT, Utah Geological Survey, Public Information Series, 29 p.

Elevenmile fault profile locations.

Elston, D.P., and Landis, E.R., 1960, Pre-Cutler unconformities and early growth of the Paradox Valley and Gypsum Valley salt anticlines, Colorado: Short Papers in the Geologic Sciences, v. 400- B, p. B261–B265.

Emerson, J.F., 1943a, Field survey of Huerfano Park District, Raton Basin area, Colorado: Huerfano Park District Raton Basin Area Areal Geology, scale 1:2,000.

Emerson, J.F., 1943b, Summary of investigation of vanadium and uranium occurrence in Huerfano Park Dist. Raton Basin area Huirfano and Costilla countires, Colo.: Union Mines Development Corporation.

Energy resources map of Colorado, 1977,: IMAP, scale 1:500,000.

Epis, R.C., and Chapin, C.E., 1968, Geologic history of the Thirtynine Mile Volcanic Field, central Colorado: Colorado School of Mines Quarterly, v. 63, no. 3, p. 51–85.

Epis, R.C., Scott, G.R., Taylor, R.B., and Chapin, C.E., 1976a, Cenozoic volcanic, tectonic, and geomorphic features of central Colorado: Colorado School of Mines Professional Contributions, v. 8, p. 323–338.

Epis, R.C., Scott, G.R., Taylor, R.B., and Chapin, C.E., 1980, Summary of Cenozoic geomorphic, volcanic, and tectonic features of central Colorado and adjoining areas, in Colorado Geology: Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 135–156.

Epis, R.C., Scott, G.R., Taylor, R.B., and Sharp, W.N., 1976b, Petrologic, tectonic, and geomorphic features of central Colorado: Colorado School of Mines Professional Contributions, v. 8, p. 301–322.

Evanoff, E., and Chapin, C.E., 1994, Composite nature of the “Late Eocene Surface” of the Front Range and adjacent regions, Colorado and Wyoming (Abstract only), in Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs: Geological Society of America GSA Abstracts with Programs, p. 12.

Evans, D.M., 1966, Man-made earthquakes in Denver: Geotimes, v. 10, no. 9, p. 11–18.

Evans, D.M., 1967, Man-made earthquakes- a progress report: Geotimes, v. 12, no. 6, p. 19–21.

Evans, D.M., 1969, Fluid pressure and earthquakes (Abstract only): Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 50, no. 5, p. 387–388.

Evans, D.M., 1970, The Denver Area Earthquakes and the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Disposal Well, in WM. Mansfield Adams, editor, Engineering Geology Case Histories Number 8- Engineering Seismology: The Works of Man: Geological Society of America GSA Engineering Geology Case Histories, p. 25–32.

Fassett, J.W., 1974, Seismicity near the Chatfield Dam, Denver, Colorado: Golden, CO, Colorado School of Mines, 127 p.

Final environmental statement: proposed Foothills project, 1977, U.S. Bureau of Land Management Environmental Impact Statement Volume 1.

Fischer, R.P., 1960, Vanadium-uranium deposits of the Rifle Creek area, Garfield County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Vanadium and uranium, Colorado 1101, 52 p.

Frankel, A.D., Mueller, C.S., Barnhard, T.P., Perkins, D.M., Leyendecker, E.V., Dickman, N., Hanson, S.L., and Hopper, M.G., 1996, National Seismic-Hazard Maps: Documentation June 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Report 96–532, 119 p.

Friedman, J.D., Case, J.E., and Simpson, S.L., 1994, Tectonic trends of the northern part of the Paradox Basin, southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado, as derived from Landsat multispectral scanner imaging and geophysical and geologic mapping: U.S. Geological Survey Report 2000C.

Front Range seismicity study, 1992, MicroGeophysics Corporation Annual Progress Report Volume 2.

Ganz, S., and Traynor, T., 1998, Earthquake insurance: public policy perspectives: San Francisco, CA, Western States Seismic Policy Council, 28 p.

Geissman, J.W., Snee, L.W., Graaskamp, G.W., Carten, R.B., and Geraghty, E.P., 1992, Deformation and age of the Red Mountain intrusive system (Urad-Henderson molybdenum deposits), Colorado: Evidence from paleomagnetic and 40Ar/39Ar data: GSA Bulletin, v. 104, no. 8, p. 1031–1047.

Geologic and mineral and water resources investigations in western Colorado using ERTS-1 data: final report, 1974, Colorado School of Mines Remote Sensing Report 75–1.

Geologic characterization report for the Paradox Basin study region Utah study areas, 1982, Woodward-Clyde Consultants Geologic Characterization Report ONWI-290, 172 p.

Geologic characterization report for the Paradox Basin study region, Utah study areas: Volume 1 regional overview, 1982, Woodward-Clyde Consultants ONWI-290.

Geologic history of the Colorado River, 1969, The Colorado River Region and John Wesley Powell, v. 669, p. 59–130.

Geologic investigations of radioactive deposits–Semiannual progress report, June 1 to November 30, 1954, 1954, U.S. Geological Survey Report 491.

Geologic map of the Morrison quadrangle, Jefferson County, Colorado, 1972,: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map, scale 1:24,000.

Geotechnical Advisory Committee, 1984a, Geologic seismotectonic investigations, east-central Front Range, Colorado–Part I: Denver Water Department Interim Report.

Geotechnical Advisory Committee, 1984b, Geologic seismotectonic investigations, east-central Front Range, Colorado–Part II: Denver Water Department Interim Report.

Geotechnical Advisory Committee, 1985a, Geologic seismotectonic investigations, east-central Front Range, Colorado–Part I: General Statement; A: Interim Report 2.

Geotechnical Advisory Committee, 1985b, Geologic seismotectonic investigations, east-central Front Range, Colorado–Part II: B: Interim Report 2.

Geotechnical Advisory Committee, 1985c, Geologic seismotectonic investigations, east-central Front Range, Colorado–Part III: C-E: Interim Report 2.

Geotechnical Advisory Committee, 1985d, Geologic seismotectonic investigations, east-central Front Range, Colorado–Part IV: Interim Report 2.

Geotechnical Advisory Committee, 1985e, Geologic seismotectonic investigations, central Front Range, Colorado–Part I: Denver Water Department Interim Report 3.

Geotechnical Advisory Committee, 1985f, Geologic seismotectonic investigations, central Front Range, Colorado–Part II: Denver Water Department Interim Report 3.

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Thenhaus, P.C., McKeown, F.A., Bucknam, R.C., Ross, D.C., Anderson, R.E., Irwin, W.P., Russ, D.P., and Diment, W.H., 1983, Summary of workshops concerning regional seismic source zones of parts of the conterminous United States, convened by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1979-1980, Golden, Colorado: Report 898, 15–19 p.

Theobald Jr., P.K., and Chew III, R.T., 1955, Geology and uranium deposits of part of the Browns Park formation, Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah — a preliminary report: Report 423.

Thompson, R.A., and Machette, M.N., 1989, Geologic map of the San Luis Hills Area, Conejos and Costilla Counties, Colorado: IMAP.

Thurston, W.R., 1952, Pegmatites of the Crystal Mountain district, Larimer County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations Report 139.

Trace, R.D., 1950, Carnotite Resources in the radium group area, San Miguel County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Report 113.

Trench recommendations.

Trowbridge Grose, L., 1972, Geologic formations and structure of Colorado Springs area, Colorado: The Mountain Geologist, v. 9, p. 229–237.

Tweto, O., 1956, Geologic map of the Tennessee Pass area, Eagle and Lake counties, Colorado: Miscellaneous Field Studies Map.

Tweto, O., 1961, Late Cenozoic Events of the Leadville District and Upper Arkansas Valley, Colorado: p. 352.

Tweto, O., 1968, Leadville district, Colorado, in Ore Deposits of the United States, 1933-1967: New York, The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc., p. 682–705.

Tweto, O., 1973a, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Dillon 15-minute Quadrangle, Summit, Eagle, and Grand counties, Colorado: Open-File Report.

Tweto, O., 1973b, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Mount Powell 15-minute Quadrangle, Grand, Summit, and Eagle counties, Colorado: Open-File Report, scale 1:62,500.

Tweto, O., 1976, Geologic map of the Craig 1 x 2 Quadrangle, northwestern Colorado: IMAP.

Tweto, O., 1979, The Rio Grande Rift System in Colorado, in Riecker, R.E., editor, Rio Grande Rift: Tectonics and Magmatism: Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, p. 33–56.

Tweto, O., 1980a, Precambrian geology of Colorado, in Colorado Geology, 1980 Symposium: Denver, CO, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 37–46.

Tweto, O., 1980b, Summary of Laramide Orogeny in Colorado, in Colorado Geology: Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 129–134.

Tweto, O., 1980c, Tectonic history of Colorado, in Colorado Geology: Denver, CO, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 5–9.

Tweto, O., Bryant, B., and Williams, F.E., 1970, Mineral resources of the Gore Range-Eagles Nest and vicinity, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Geological Survey Bulletin 1319–C.

Tweto, O., and Case, J.E., 1972, Gravity and magnetic features as related to geology in the Leadville 30-minute Quadrangle, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Report 726C.

Tweto (compiler), O., 1976, Preliminary geologic map of Colorado: Miscellaneous Field Studies Map.

Tweto, O., Moench, R.H., and Reed Jr., J.C., 1978, Geologic map of the Leadville 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, northwestern Colorado: IMAP.

Tweto, O., and Reed Jr., J.C., 1973, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Ute Peak 15-minute Quadrangle, Grand and Summit counties, Colorado: Open-File Report.

Tweto, O., and Sims, P.K., 1963, Precambrian ancestry of the Colorado Mineral Belt: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 74, p. 991–1014.

Two earthquake fault lines located near Colorado Springs Online, about:reader?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.krdo.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2F2-earthquake-fault-lines-located-near-colorado-springs%2F34790565, accessed December 2016.

Two Forks Reservoir letters and memos.

Unruh, J.R., Noller, J.S., and Lettis, W.R., 1993a, Quaternary faults of the central Rocky Mountains, Colorado: a new seismotectonic evaluation (Abstract only), in 89th Annual Cordilleran Section; 46th Annual Rocky Mountain Section – Reno, NV, Geological Society of America, p. 157.

Unruh, J.R., Sonder, L.J., and Jones, C.H., 1998, Relation of gravitationally driven lithospheric extension to low slip-rate faults and regional seismic hazards in the western United States: Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 98–2, 167–179 p.

Unruh, J.R., Wong, I.G., Bott, J.D.J., Silva, W.J., and Lettis, W.R., 1993b, Rifle Gap Dam, Silt Project Ruedi Dam, Fryingpan-Arkansas Project: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Seismotectonic Evaluation.

Unruh, J.R., Wong, I.G., Hitchcock, C.S., Bott, J.D.J., Silva, W.J., and Lettis, W.R., 1994, Pueblo Dam – Fryingpan – Arkansas Project: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Seismotectonic Evaluation.

Unruh, J.R., Wong, I.G., Knudsen, K.L., Bott, J.D.J., Becker, A., Silva, W.J., and Lettis, W.R., 1996, Rattlesnake and Flatiron Dams; Colorado-Big Thompson Project: Seismotectonic Evaluation.

Upson, J.E., 1938, Structures of the Colorado Front Range (Abstract only): Proceedings of the Geological Society of America, p. 316–317.

Upson, J.E., 1939, Physiographic subdivisions of the San Luis Valley, southern Colorado: The Journal of Geology, v. XLVII, p. 721–736.

Upson, J.E., 1971, Physiographic subdivisions of the San Luis Valley, southern Colorado, in Guidebook of the San Luis Basin, Colorado: New Mexico Geological Society, p. 113–122.

US Atomic Energy COM, 1973, Rules and Regulations: Federal Register, v. 38, no. 218, p. 31281–31282.

Utada, M., and Vine, J.D., 1985, Zonal distribution of zeolites and authigenic plagioclase, Spanish Peaks region, southern Colorado, in Conference Proceeding, Sixth International Zeolite Conference: Reno, NV, p. 604–615.

Van Alstine, R.E., 1968, Tertiary trough between the Arkansas and San Luis Valleys, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 600–C, C158–C160 p.

Van Alstine, R.E., 1974, Geology and mineral deposits of the Poncha Springs SE Quadrangle, Chaffee County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Report 829.

Van Alstine, R.E., 1975, Geologic map of the Bonanza NE Quadrangle, Chaffee and Saguache counties, Colorado: Open-File Report.

Van Alstine, R.E., and Cox, D.C., 1969, Geology and mineral deposits of the Poncha Springs NE quadrangle, Chaffee County, Colorado, with a section on Fluorspar mines and prospects: U.S. Geological Survey Report 626.

Van Poollen, H.K., 1969, Pumping tests: Rocky Mountain Arsenal Disposal Well September-October 1968: U.S. Army Engineer District.

Vetter, U., 1998, Preliminary seismic hazard assessment for Rattlesnake, Flatiron, Horsetooth, Soldier Canyon, Dixon Canyon, Spring Canyon, and Carter Lake Dams, Colorado-Big Thompson Project, Colorado: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Technical Memorandum D8330-98–032.

Vetter, U.R., Ake, J.P., and O’Connell, D.R.H., 1995, Seismicity near Ridgway Dam, southwestern Colorado (Abstract only): Seismological Research Letters, v. 66, no. 2, p. 48.

Wallace, R.E., 1975a, Fault scarp geomorphology and seismic history, north-central Nevada (Abstract only), in Cordilleran Section 71st Annual Meeting – Boulder, CO, Geological Society of America, p. 385.

Wallace, R.E., 1975b, Geometry and rates of change of fault-generated range fronts, north-central Nevada (Abstract only), in 1975 Annual Meetings – Salt Lake City, UT, Geological Society of America, p. 1310–1311.

Wallace, R.E., 1977, Profiles and ages of young fault scarps, north-central Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 88, p. 1267–1281.

Wallace, A.R., 1995, Cenozoic rift-related sedimentation and faulting, Northern Culebra Range, Southern Colorado, in 46th Field Conference – Geology of the Santa Fe Region: New Mexico Geological Society, p. 147–154.

Wallace, S.R., Muncaster, N.K., Jonson, D.C., Mackenzie, W.B., Bookstrom, A.A., and Surface, V.E., 1968, Multiple intrusion and mineralization at Climax, Colorado, in Ore Deposits of the United States, 1933-1967: New York, NY, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, p. 605–640.

Wang, Y.-L., 1965, Local hypocenter determinations in linearly varying layers applied to earthquakes in the Denver area: Golden, CO, Colorado School of Mines, 465 p.

Warner, L.A., 1980, The Colorado Lineament, in Colorado Geology:, p. 11–21.

Wayne A. Charlie, Raymond J. Battalora, Thomas J. Siller, Donald O. Doehring, and John W. van de Lindt, 2006, Colorado Earthquakes and Active Faults, in GEO-evolution: The Evolution of Colorado’s Geological and Geotechnical Engineering Practice: Denver, CO Proceedings, p. 1–15., doi: 10.1061/9780784408902.

Weber, J.R., 1971, Structural geology of the northeastern flank of the Uinta Mountains, Moffat County, Colorado: The Mountain Geologist, v. 8, no. 4, p. 163–181.

Weimer, R.J., 1973, A guide to uppermost Cretaceous stratigraphy, central Front Range, Colorado; deltaic sedimentation, growth faulting and early Laramide crustal movement: The Mountain Geologist, v. 10, no. 1, p. 53–97.

Weimer, R.J., 1976, Cretaceous Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Energy Resources, Western Denver Basin: Colorado School of Mines Professional Contributions, v. 8, p. 180–227.

Weimer, R.J., 1978, Influence of transcontinental arch on Cretaceous marine sedimentation: a preliminary report, in Energy Resources of the Denver Basin: Denver, CO, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 211–222.

Weimer, R.J., 1980, Recurrent movement on basement faults, a tectonic style for Colorado and adjacent areas, in Colorado Geology: Denver, CO, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 23–35.

Weisser, R.R., 1982, Supplemental seismic hazard evaluation Ridgway Dam and Reservoir Site Dallas Creek Project Colorado: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Supplemental Seismic Hazard Evaluation D-1620.

Wells, D.L., and Coppersmith, K.J., 1994, New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 84, no. 4, p. 974–1002.

West, M.W., 1977, A preliminary evaluation of the Quaternary geology, reported surface faulting, and seismicity along the east flank of the Gore Range, Summit County, Colorado: Golden, CO, Colorado School of Mines, 438 p.

West, M.W., 1978, Quaternary Geology and Reported Surface Faulting Along East Flank of Gore Range, Summit County, Colorado: Colorado School of Mines Quarterly, Golden, CO, Colorado School of Mines, Colorado School of Mines Quarterly, 75 p.

West, M.W., 1997, Differentiation of landsliding from seismogenic faulting: criteria from the southern Rocky Mountains and Columbia Plateau (Abstract only), in American Geophysical Union Spring Meeting – Baltimore, MD, American Geophysical Union.

West, M.W., and Trowbridge Grose, L., 1982, Geologic evaluation of earthquake hazards in the Front Range Urban Corridor, Colorado:

West, D.O., and Vahdani, S., 1998, Report on the development of probabilistic earthquake ground motions for the CC&V project, Victor, Colorado:

Wheeler, R.L., 1985, Evaluating point concentrations on a map- earthquakes in the Colorado lineament: Geology, v. 13, no. 10, p. 701–704.

Wheeler, R.L., 2005, Known or Suggested Quaternary Tectonic Faulting, Central and Eastern United States—New and Updated Assessments for 2005: U. S. Geological Survey Open-File 2005–1336, 40 p.

Wheeler, R.L., and Crone, A.J., 2001, Known and suggested quaternary faulting in the midcontinent United Staes: Engineering Geology, v. 62, p. 51–78.

Wiggins, J.H., Slosson, J.E., and Krohn, J.P., 1978, Natural Hazards: earthquake, landslide, expansive soils-loss models: J. H. Wiggins Company.

Williams, P.L., 1964, Geology, structure, and uranium deposits of the Moab quadrangle, Colorado and Utah: Miscellaneous Investigations Series, scale 1:250,000.

Williamson, J.V., and Shaffer, M.E., 1982, Seismic Analysis of Spinney Mountain Dam, in Proceedings of the 14th Congress of the International Commission on Large Dams: Rio de Janeiro, BR, R. W. Beck and Associates, p. 643–660.

Wilmarth, V.R., and Smith, L.E., 1952, Results of diamond drilling and geologic investigation of the Shirley May (Garo) uranium deposit, Park County, Colorado: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Report 277.

Wilmarth, V.R., and Vickers, R.C., 1952, The Robinson and Weatherly uraniferous pyrobitumen deposits near Placerville, San Miguel County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Report 176.

Wilson, A.B., and Benson, M.E., 2004, Where in the U.S. is the naturally occurring frac sand? Frac Sand Insider Conference, Pittsburgh, PA.

Withington, C.F., 1951, Carnotite resources of the upper group area, San Miguel County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Report 145.

Witkind, I.J., 1976, Preliminary map showing known and suspected active faults in Colorado: Open-File Report.

Wobus, R.A., and Scott, G.R., 1977, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Cascade Quadrangle, El Paso County, Colorado: Open-File Report.

Wong, I.G., 1988a, Earthquake hazards in the Rocky Mountain region: an overview (Abstract only), in 1988 Centennial Celebration Program – Denver, CO, Geological Society of America, p. A15–A16.

Wong, I.G., 1988b, Recent seismicity in Colorado: implications to earthquake hazards (Abstract only), in 1988 Centennial Celebration Program – Denver, CO, Geological Society of America, p. A15.

Wong, I.G., 1991, The 1986 Crested Butte, Colorado earthquake swarm: The Mountain Geologist, v. 28, no. 1, p. 3–8.

Wong, I.G., 1998, Earthquakes and their hazards in western Colorado: implications to seismic design and safety:

Wong, I., 2002, Historical seismicity, earthquake potential, and seismic hazards in Colorado: moderate hazard and high risk, maybe:, Oakland, CA.

Wong, I.G., Bott, J.D.J., and Ake, J.P., 1994, Earthquakes and tectonic stresses in western Colorado (Abstract only): Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, p. 69.

Wong, I.G., Bott, J.D., Ake, J., and Unruh, J.R., 1996, Earthquake hazard in central Colorado (Abstract only), in Annual Meeting – Session 112: Denver, CO, Geophysics, p. A-283.

Wong, I.G., Bott, J.D.J., Gorton, A.E., and Green, R.K., 1995, Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of the Henderson Tailing Dam- North-Central Colorado: Woodward-Clyde Federal Services.

Wong, I.G., Cash, D.J., and Jaksha, L., 1984, The Crownpoint, New Mexico, Earthquakes of 1976 and 1977: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 74, no. 6, p. 2435–2449.

Wong, I., and Humphrey, J.R., 1986, 14 August 1983 Cimarron, Colorado earthquake and the Cimarron fault: The Mountain Geologist, v. 23, no. 1, p. 14–18.

Wong, I.G., and Humphrey, J.R., 1989, Contemporary seismicity, faulting, and the state of stress in the Colorado Plateau: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101.

Woodward-Clyde Consultants, 1986, Paradox Basin project: Draft project summary report, Chapter 1 geology: San Francisco, CA, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, 325 p.

Wychgram, D.C., 1972, Geologic remote sensing study of the Hayden Pass-Orient Mine area, northern Sangre de Cristo Mountains, Colorado: Colorado School of Mines Remote Sensing Report 72–3.

Wyss, M., and Molnar, P., 1972, Efficiency, Stress Drop, Apparent Stress, Effective Stress, and Frictional Stress of Denver, Colorado Earthquakes: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 77, no. 8, p. 1433–1438., doi: 10.1029/JB077i008p01433.

Zellman, M., Ostenaa, D.A., Mahan, S.A., Briggs, R.W., Duross, C.B., Reitman, N.G., Personius, S.F., and Morgan, M.L., 2017, New Constraints on the Late Quaternary Slip Rate of the Cheraw Fault, Southeastern Colorado, in Seismological Society of America Annual Meeting – Denver, CO, Seismological Society of America.

Ziegler, V., 1917, Foothills structure in northern Colorado: The Journal of Geology, v. 25, no. 8, p. 715–740.

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